![]() The foramen magnum is a large hole situated in the middle, with the clivus, a smooth part of the occipital bone travelling upwards in front of it. The inner surface of the occipital bone forms the base of the posterior cranial fossa. Inner surface Inner surface of occipital bone The area above the highest nuchal line is termed the occipital plane and the area below this line is termed the nuchal plane. The inferior nuchal line runs across the midpoint of the median nuchal line. They are named as the highest, superior and inferior nuchal lines. These are known as the nuchal lines which give attachment to various ligaments and muscles. Running across the outside of the occipital bone are three curved lines and one line (the medial line) that runs down to the foramen magnum. The highest point of this is called the inion.įrom the inion, along the midline of the squamous part until the foramen magnum, runs a ridge – the external occipital crest (also called the medial nuchal line) and this gives attachment to the nuchal ligament. Near the middle of the outer surface of the squamous part of the occipital (the largest part) there is a prominence – the external occipital protuberance. Outer surface Outer surface of occipital bone The bone is especially thick at the ridges, protuberances, condyles, and anterior part of the basilar part in the inferior cerebellar fossae it is thin, semitransparent, and without diploë. The occipital bone, like the other seven cranial bones, has outer and inner layers (also called plates or tables) of cortical bone tissue between which is the cancellous bone tissue known in the cranial bones as diploë. The squamous part is the curved, expanded plate behind the foramen magnum and is the largest part of the occipital bone.ĭue to its embryonic derivation from paraxial mesoderm (as opposed to neural crest, from which many other craniofacial bones are derived), it has been posited that "the occipital bone as a whole could be considered as a giant vertebra enlarged to support the brain." Structure The basilar part is a thick, somewhat quadrilateral piece in front of the foramen magnum and directed towards the pharynx. From its front to the back is the basilar part, also called the basioccipital, at the sides of the foramen magnum are the lateral parts, also called the exoccipitals, and the back is named as the squamous part. Due to its many attachments and features, the occipital bone is described in terms of separate parts. Like the other cranial bones, it is classed as a flat bone. At the base of the skull in the occipital bone, there is a large oval opening called the foramen magnum, which allows the passage of the spinal cord. The occipital bone overlies the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. It is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. The occipital bone ( / ˌ ɒ k ˈ s ɪ p ɪ t əl/) is a cranial dermal bone and the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull). ![]()
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